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Emulation, economic strategy that was born to Henry VII of England (1485)

left Economists noted that the "islands of wealth" islands also tended to be European in a geographical sense. The wealth of a city or nation seemed to be, paradoxically, inversely Proportional to its natural wealth. Ma Areass important, such as Holland and Venice, had little arable land, so were forced to specialize in manufacturing and trade away.

In Florence, the most important city-state of Europe from the sea, large landowners were deprived of political power ; tico Igua for centuries and in the coastal city-states were the interests of artisans, manufacturers and traders who dominated you the life of the city and very soon understood the basic mechanismsmong the political and economic structure, between democracy and a diversified economy no longer depended solely on agriculture and raw materials-is another forgotten lesson today when we try, with great violence and great expense, to establish democracy in countries with economic structures essentially feudal and precapitalist.

The poor countries of Europe was soon clear that they had an important relationship secur triple market power conspicuously absent in economic activity in Europe's poorest countries: industry A cuasimonoplio an important raw material and a very profitable long-distance trade . The wealth was created and maintained after high entry barriers to block, constituted by their greater knowledge, possession of a variety of industrial activitiesA: Before Adam Smith was often assumed that economic development was based on the collective search for income derived from synergies between increasing returns, innovation and division of labor, which was only in cities. This is the opposite of perfect competition currently posited by standard economic texts. From the writings of Ricardo and in particular his Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, published in the heyday of industrialization Ingaterra in 1817, the pattern is the same: rich countries to poor countries remain ; poor countries based on theories that postulate the inof the same factors that led to their own wealth. As we shall see, all the countries that became rich after 1485 did so in defiance of economic theories of Ricardo.

The first industrial policy of deliberate large-scale story was based on observation of what had ; to enriched the richest areas of Europe: that technological development in a particular field and in a restricted geographical area pod &; Iacute; to spread wealth to the nation. King Henry VII of England, who came to power in 1485, had spent his childhood and youth with an aunt in Burgundy, which allowed him to observe the great wealth in an area with a large production of wool fabrics. Both the wool as the material used for cleaning (aluminum silicate) were imported from England. When Henry VII took over his poor kingdom, which had sold in advance of future wool production for several years Italian bankers, he recalled his teenage years in the continent. In Burgundy not only textile producers, but also & amp; eacute; No other craft and of course the bankers, they lived in opulence. Henry concluded that England was following a wrong path, and decided on a plan to turn England paa a producer of finished fabrics, instead of exporting its main raw material.

Henry VII created numerous economic policy instruments. The first and most important was the export tax, which ensured that foreign producers had to tissueraw processing more expensive than their English counterparts. In the newly established factories of cloth also were granted a tax exemption was granted temporary monopolies in certain geographic areas and during certain periods. Also encouraged the inclusion of artisans and entrepreneurs from abroad, especially Dutch and Italian. As production capacity grew cloth rates also rose for the export of raw wool, until England had enough capacity to process all the wool they produced. Later

Several British historians point out that the industrial plan of the Tudors was the real foundation of the later greatness of England. On the mainland this plan would have significant consequences. Florence was one of the city-states hardest hit by the English competition. The Florentines tried to counteract English wool buying and converting part of the production of cloth of silk, but British policy was so successful that the golden age of Florence was atra s definitely.

wool growers of Castile were the leading players in the English as producers of raw materials and in 1695 the British economist John Cary suggested that England must buy all English wool in the market to burn. England did not have sufficient capacity to process this yarn, but his withdrawal from the market would strengthen the market power of English:

"

could promote a contract with the English for all (wool) that have, and if so would it be objected that too, better would be to burn the excess at the expense of the public (as the Dutch with spices) to have it cluttering up abroad, something that can not otherwise avoid, since all European wool is manufactured somewhere. "

The trade war was actually a contest for the ability to carry out the activities that provided the benefits andmp; iacute; an over larger markets and to develop and prosper. Industrial protection carries with it the seeds of its own destruction: when successful, the protection counter is initially required. As one anonymous Italian traveler about Holland in 1786: "The fees are as useful to introduce the arts (ie, industry) in a country as harmful are once they have established. " That is the key to understanding how a process for the establishment of free trade. Again, this teaching has been forgottendo in economic theory, now being implemented in many countries.

fundamental principles of economic policy instruments of Henry VII have been mandatory since the political ingredients ; economic policy of all countries that have opened a pathway out of poverty and become rich. Exceptions to this egla are scarce. A small city-state devoid of resources but a great environment like Hong Kong, you canList's been translated into many languages and same toolbox listiana "was used in Japan since the Meiji restoration in the 1870 and Korea-a country as poor as Tanzania in 1950 - from the 1960's. Poor countries are those that have not used the tool box, or those who have been employed for a period too short and / or a static form that has prevented the competitive dynamics take root. The comparison between protectionism "good" and "bad" in Appendix VI highlights the qualitative differences between different pr & a